Steamboat service between Sacramento, Stockton and San Francisco was convenient and comfortable during that period. Over 300 paddle wheeler steamboats sloshed their way through Delta waters. During the wet season, it was possible to steam up the San Joaquin River to as far as the outskirts of Fresno, and up the Sacramento River to above Red Bluff. Paddle wheeler pilots would take shortcuts across flooded islands, in what they referred to as "wheat field navigation."
The Transcontinental Railroad made history when it was completed in 1869, freeing a work force of some 12,000 persons. Many of them were Chinese immigrants who settled in the California Delta to help with levee construction, farming, cannery work, and other chores. Their contribution was great and they left an indelible mark on the history of the California Delta.
By the 1920s, the automobile had arrived. There was a flurry of ferry construction and bridge-building. The railroads, which had proven to be tough competition for the steamboats, were finding competition from the refrigerated trucks. By the 1930s, steamboat activity was about finished - the Stockton-built Delta King and Delta Queen were taken out of service just prior to WWII. The Delta King is now in Old Sacramento, while the Delta Queen sloshes along quite ably in the Mississippi River system.
After WWII, Californians began to discover the Delta's water recreational possibilities. The regular waterway dredging for levee maintenance also deepened the waterways, making it possible for deep-draft cruisers to navigate the Delta sloughs, rivers and channels. The Stockton Deepwater Channel and Port was completed in 1933. The Sacramento Deepwater / Ship Channel was dug and completed in 1963, establishing the Port of Sacramento.
Pioneers in the California Delta still have third- and fourth-generation family members in the Delta today. Vestiges of the California Delta's vibrant history are not difficult to find. Museums, large and small are found here and there. Five ferries still exist and may be ridden at no cost. Drawbridges built over 50 to 100 years ago still function. Beautiful old homes, carefully restored, grace the landscape, especially along the Sacramento River.